Slippage is one of the few failure modes that damages the conductor and the machine at the same time. A slipping conductor polishes its own surface, generates local heat, abrades the groove lining and, if it slips far enough, drags across the groove shoulder and birds-nests the outer strands. The cause is almost always a friction margin that was assumed rather than calculated, and the numbers behind that margin are easy to check before the pull.
In most incidents the first 200 m run cleanly. Slip begins when the pull reaches the section with the highest back-tension, typically at a crossing, a steep span or a long straight run where the tensioner's brake is holding hard. The operator sees a shudder, then a momentary pull spike, then a polished band on the conductor at the point where it leaves the last groove. Two metres of slip is enough to flatten a strand and to write off the section under most client specifications.
A conductor or rope under tension on a capstan obeys Ttension / Tback = eμθ, where μ is the coefficient of friction and θ the total wrap angle in radians. Seven grooves wrapped at roughly 200 degrees each gives about 25 radians of wrap. At μ = 0.12 that supports a ratio of about 20 to 1; at μ = 0.20, more than 140 to 1. Slip occurs when the tension ratio demanded by the section exceeds what the current μ and θ can deliver.
Work a concrete example: a pull needing 120 kN at the puller with 12 kN of back-tension from the tensioner, a ratio of 10. With full wrap of 25 radians, the required friction coefficient is only about 0.092, so a clean nylon-lined groove at μ = 0.18 has almost a factor of two in reserve. Now let the groove wear to a polished bare-steel condition at μ = 0.06 and skip two grooves of wrap, reducing θ to about 18 radians. The sustainable ratio falls to roughly 3, and the conductor slips at 36 kN, far below the working pull. That is why slip incidents cluster around machines that are mechanically sound but geometrically degraded.
| Machine | Bull-wheel | Grooves | Approx. wrap | Published duty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GX60 / SA-QY60 | 1300 / 1500 mm | 7 | ~24 rad | 60 kN intermittent, 50 kN continuous |
| SA-QY40 | 1300 / 1500 mm | 7 | ~24 rad | 40 kN intermittent, 30 kN continuous |
| GS280 quad puller | 960 mm | 11 | ~38 rad | 280 kN max, 250 kN sustained |
| GL2×40 tensioner | 1300 / 1500 mm | twin capstan | independent | 2×45 / 1×90 kN intermittent |
| GXSH80J terminal block | 180 × 56 mm | single | n/a | 80 kN rated load |
The 280 kN machine carries eleven grooves on a shorter 960 mm wheel because at 38 mm rope, wrap angle is the holding mechanism. A 60 kN machine with seven grooves on a 1500 mm wheel has ample holding reserve for an 18 mm rope; when it slips, the cause is almost always condition rather than design.
Relevant hardware: the GS220 puller with preset overload protection, the 8 ton twin-bundle tensioner, the hold-down conductor stringing blocks and the GXSH terminal tackle blocks rated 30 to 80 kN.
Because back-tension plus the weight of suspended conductor raises the required tension ratio, and a friction margin that was adequate on flat ground is no longer enough.
No. It contaminates the groove and the conductor, and its effect disappears within a few hundred metres while the residue attracts grit.
Use a groove gauge or compare against the unworn end of the wheel. If the conductor sits below the groove shoulders, the groove is finished regardless of appearance.
담당자: Mr. Marble Wu
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